The traditionally recognized role of vitamin D consists in the regulation of bone metabolism and calcium-phosphorus homeostasis\nbut recently a lot of in vitro and in vivo studies recognized several ââ?¬Å?noncalcemicââ?¬Â effects of vitamin D metabolites. Accumulating\nevidence suggests that the metabolic pathways of this vitamin may play a key role in the developing of gynaecological/obstetric\ndiseases. VDR-mediated signalling pathways and vitamin D levels seem to (deeply) affect the risk of several gynaecological\ndiseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and ovarian and even breast cancer. On the other hand,\nsince also the maternal-fetal unit is under the influence of vitamin D, a breakdown in its homeostasis may underlie infertility,\npreeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). According to our literature review, the relationship between vitamin D and\ngynaecological/obstetric diseases must be replicated in future studies which could clarify the molecular machineries behind their\ndevelopment.We suggest that further investigation should take into account the different serum levels of this vitamin, the several\nactions which arise from the binding between it and its receptor (taking into account its possible polymorphism), and finally the\ninterplay between vitamin D metabolism and other hormonal and metabolic pathways
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